Dwarf stars are a type of star that is smaller and cooler than the Sun, with surface temperatures ranging from about 2,500 to 6,000 degrees Celsius. They are the most common type of star in the universe, making up about 70% of all stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Despite their small size, dwarf stars can still be quite massive, with some having the same mass as the Sun but compressed into a much smaller volume. This makes them extremely dense and can lead to some unique physical properties, such as intense magnetic fields or rapid rotation rates. Dwarf stars are classified into different categories based on their spectral characteristics, with the most common types being red dwarfs, yellow dwarfs (like the Sun), and white dwarfs. They play an important role in the study of stellar evolution and are often used as benchmarks for understanding the properties and behavior of other stars. Research on dwarf stars includes studying their formation, structure, and dynamics, as well as investigating their potential habitability for hosting exoplanets. By studying these small but abundant stars, scientists can gain valuable insights into the nature of stars and the processes that govern their evolution.